See ἴουλος in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ioulízō",
"word": "ἰουλίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ioulís",
"word": "ἰουλίς"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ioulópezos",
"word": "ἰουλόπεζος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ioulophóros",
"word": "ἰουλοφόρος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Ioulṓ",
"word": "Ἰουλώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ioulṓdēs",
"word": "ἰουλώδης"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "ίουλος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: ίουλος (íoulos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: ίουλος (íoulos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iūlus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: iūlus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: iūlus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welH-",
"t": "to turn, wind, round"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, round”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "phn",
"3": "*𐤉𐤋",
"tr": "*yūl"
},
"expansion": "Phoenician *𐤉𐤋 (*yūl)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "sem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Semitic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc-jla",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Jewish Literary Aramaic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "phn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Phoenician",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xpu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Punic",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, round”), the same root of οὖλος (oûlos, “wooly, fuzzy”) and εἰλέω (eiléō, “to turn, wind”). However according to targum exegetes it could be borrowed from Phoenician *𐤉𐤋 (*yūl) from the Proto-Semitic lizard name *waral-. This form and similar meanings can be reconstructed on the basis of the animal name’s Jewish Literary Aramaic measure יָלָא (yālā), alternating with יַלָּא (yallā), since /aː/ regularly comes out /uː/ in Phoenician-Punic (like 𐤓𐤀𐤔 (rʾš /rūš/, “head”) from *raʾš- (“head”)). In Jewish Aramaic it also meant a kind of blood-sucking animal, and even closer to the original meaning of a worral would be the Greek senses of certain earth-graving insects. “The first growth of the whiskers and beard” would then be transferred from the image of the undersides of the throats of certain lizards; corn-sheaves afford a similar picture. From any of these meanings the sense of a catkin can be transferred.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "íoulos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰούλου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ ἴουλος",
"roman": "ho íoulos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰούλω",
"roman": "ioúlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ ἴουλοι",
"roman": "hoi íouloi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ ἰούλου",
"roman": "toû ioúlou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰούλοιν",
"roman": "ioúloin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰούλων",
"roman": "ioúlōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ ἰούλῳ",
"roman": "tôi ioúlōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰούλοιν",
"roman": "ioúloin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς ἰούλοις",
"roman": "toîs ioúlois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν ἴουλον",
"roman": "tòn íoulon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰούλω",
"roman": "ioúlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς ἰούλους",
"roman": "toùs ioúlous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ἴουλε",
"roman": "íoule",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰούλω",
"roman": "ioúlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ἴουλοι",
"roman": "íouloi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "οὖλος",
"roman": "oûlos",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰουλίς",
"roman": "ioulís",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ἰούλου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "ἴουλος • (íoulos) m (genitive ἰούλου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ἴουλος",
"2": "ου",
"form": "M"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 36 36 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 16 38 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 24 37 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 32 34 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Arthropods",
"orig": "grc:Arthropods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 32 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "grc:Hair",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"down, the first growth of the whiskers and beard"
],
"id": "en-ἴουλος-grc-noun-ntLbgMas",
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"whisker",
"whisker"
],
[
"beard",
"beard"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 36 36 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 45 35 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 16 38 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 24 37 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 32 34 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Arthropods",
"orig": "grc:Arthropods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 32 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "grc:Hair",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"corn sheaf"
],
"id": "en-ἴουλος-grc-noun-Te4lRhFb",
"links": [
[
"corn",
"corn"
],
[
"sheaf",
"sheaf"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "grc:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 36 36 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 16 38 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 24 37 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 32 34 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Arthropods",
"orig": "grc:Arthropods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 32 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "grc:Hair",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"catkin; tendril"
],
"id": "en-ἴουλος-grc-noun-XWk2n~JQ",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"catkin",
"catkin"
],
[
"tendril",
"tendril"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) catkin; tendril"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"creature like the centipede, perhaps the woodlouse or the earthworm"
],
"id": "en-ἴουλος-grc-noun-Pcbu0eqg",
"links": [
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"centipede",
"centipede"
],
[
"woodlouse",
"woodlouse"
],
[
"earthworm",
"earthworm"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/í.uː.los/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.u.los/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.u.los/"
},
{
"ipa": "/í.uː.los/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.u.los/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.u.los/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.u.los/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.u.los/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ἴουλος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek terms borrowed from Phoenician",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Phoenician",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Semitic",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"grc:Arthropods",
"grc:Hair"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ioulízō",
"word": "ἰουλίζω"
},
{
"roman": "ioulís",
"word": "ἰουλίς"
},
{
"roman": "ioulópezos",
"word": "ἰουλόπεζος"
},
{
"roman": "ioulophóros",
"word": "ἰουλοφόρος"
},
{
"roman": "Ioulṓ",
"word": "Ἰουλώ"
},
{
"roman": "ioulṓdēs",
"word": "ἰουλώδης"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "ίουλος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: ίουλος (íoulos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: ίουλος (íoulos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iūlus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: iūlus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: iūlus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welH-",
"t": "to turn, wind, round"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, round”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "phn",
"3": "*𐤉𐤋",
"tr": "*yūl"
},
"expansion": "Phoenician *𐤉𐤋 (*yūl)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "sem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Semitic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc-jla",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Jewish Literary Aramaic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "phn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Phoenician",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xpu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Punic",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, round”), the same root of οὖλος (oûlos, “wooly, fuzzy”) and εἰλέω (eiléō, “to turn, wind”). However according to targum exegetes it could be borrowed from Phoenician *𐤉𐤋 (*yūl) from the Proto-Semitic lizard name *waral-. This form and similar meanings can be reconstructed on the basis of the animal name’s Jewish Literary Aramaic measure יָלָא (yālā), alternating with יַלָּא (yallā), since /aː/ regularly comes out /uː/ in Phoenician-Punic (like 𐤓𐤀𐤔 (rʾš /rūš/, “head”) from *raʾš- (“head”)). In Jewish Aramaic it also meant a kind of blood-sucking animal, and even closer to the original meaning of a worral would be the Greek senses of certain earth-graving insects. “The first growth of the whiskers and beard” would then be transferred from the image of the undersides of the throats of certain lizards; corn-sheaves afford a similar picture. From any of these meanings the sense of a catkin can be transferred.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "íoulos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰούλου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ ἴουλος",
"roman": "ho íoulos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰούλω",
"roman": "ioúlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ ἴουλοι",
"roman": "hoi íouloi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ ἰούλου",
"roman": "toû ioúlou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰούλοιν",
"roman": "ioúloin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰούλων",
"roman": "ioúlōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ ἰούλῳ",
"roman": "tôi ioúlōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰούλοιν",
"roman": "ioúloin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς ἰούλοις",
"roman": "toîs ioúlois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν ἴουλον",
"roman": "tòn íoulon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰούλω",
"roman": "ioúlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς ἰούλους",
"roman": "toùs ioúlous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ἴουλε",
"roman": "íoule",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰούλω",
"roman": "ioúlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ἴουλοι",
"roman": "íouloi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "οὖλος",
"roman": "oûlos",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ἰουλίς",
"roman": "ioulís",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ἰούλου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "ἴουλος • (íoulos) m (genitive ἰούλου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ἴουλος",
"2": "ου",
"form": "M"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"down, the first growth of the whiskers and beard"
],
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"whisker",
"whisker"
],
[
"beard",
"beard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"corn sheaf"
],
"links": [
[
"corn",
"corn"
],
[
"sheaf",
"sheaf"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"grc:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"catkin; tendril"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"catkin",
"catkin"
],
[
"tendril",
"tendril"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) catkin; tendril"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"creature like the centipede, perhaps the woodlouse or the earthworm"
],
"links": [
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"centipede",
"centipede"
],
[
"woodlouse",
"woodlouse"
],
[
"earthworm",
"earthworm"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/í.uː.los/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.u.los/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.u.los/"
},
{
"ipa": "/í.uː.los/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.u.los/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.u.los/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.u.los/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.u.los/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ἴουλος"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ἴουλος meaning in Ancient Greek (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.